A. Technical Knowledge Questions
1. Explain the sequence of structural works from substructure to superstructure.
Answer:
The typical sequence is:
– Site Preparation: Clearing, hoarding, site office setup
– Earthworks: Excavation to formation level
– Piling Works: Bored piles, driven piles, or sheet piling
– Pile Cap & Ground Beams: Foundation elements
– Basement Construction: Retaining walls, basement slabs (if applicable)
– Ground Floor Slab: On grade or suspended slab
– Columns & Walls: Vertical structural elements
– Beams & Slabs: Floor-by-floor construction
– Roof Structure: Final superstructure element
– Architectural & M&E Works: Follow structural completion
2. How do you interpret structural drawings such as rebar detailing, grids, and sections?
Answer:
– Grid Lines: Identify column positions using alphanumeric references (A-1, B-2)
– Sections: Understand cut-through views showing vertical relationships
– Rebar Detailing: Read bar marks, spacing (c/c), diameter (T10, T16), length, and lap requirements
– Schedules: Cross-reference bar bending schedules with drawings
– Symbols: Understand standard notations for hooks, stirrups, cover requirements
– Dimensions: Check from grid to grid, not cumulative measurements
3. What steps do you follow when raising an RFI on site?
Answer:
- Identify the issue or unclear information in drawings/specs
- Document with photos, sketches, or marked-up drawings
- Log RFI in project system with unique reference number
- Clearly state the question and proposed solution (if any)
- Submit to consultant/architect via proper channel
- Follow up regularly until response received
- Distribute response to relevant parties
- Update site team and ensure implementation
- File documentation for record
4. How do you check and verify rebar installation before calling for inspection?
Answer:
– Verify bar mark, diameter, and spacing against drawings
– Check cover using spacers/chairs (typically 25-50mm)
– Ensure proper lap lengths (40-60 times bar diameter)
– Verify starter bars from previous pour
– Check hook details and anchorage
– Ensure cleanliness (no rust flakes, oil, dirt)
– Confirm tie-wire adequacy
– Take pre-inspection photos
– Complete internal QC checklist
– Coordinate with foreman before calling RE/RTO
5. Explain the importance of method statements and risk assessments before starting work.
Answer:
Method Statements:
– Define step-by-step work sequence
– Identify resources, equipment, and manpower
– Ensure everyone follows the same procedure
– Meet BCA and contractual requirements
– Serve as reference during execution
Risk Assessments:
– Identify potential hazards (falls, lifting, electrical)
– Evaluate severity and likelihood
– Implement control measures
– Protect workers and public
– Legal requirement under WSH Act
– Reduce accidents and project delays
6. Describe your experience with BCA inspections (structural, architectural, M&E).
Answer:
– Structural: Attended inspections for foundation, columns, beams, slabs—ensured compliance with approved drawings and CP65
– Architectural: Coordinated inspections for facade, windows, waterproofing—checked against CONQUAS standards
– M&E: Supported inspections for fire protection, plumbing, electrical installations—verified against codes (CP5, SS564)
– Prepared inspection request forms, ensured sites were ready
– Addressed non-conformance items promptly
– Maintained inspection records for compliance
7. What is the difference between shop drawings, IFC drawings, and as-built drawings?
Answer:
– Shop Drawings: Prepared by subcontractors/suppliers showing fabrication details; require consultant approval before manufacturing
– IFC Drawings (Issued for Construction): Approved construction drawings used on site; basis for actual work
– As-Built Drawings: Updated drawings reflecting actual site conditions, including all variations and changes; submitted at project completion
8. How do you ensure subcontractors follow specifications on site?
Answer:
– Conduct pre-work briefings explaining requirements
– Issue approved specifications and drawings
– Perform regular inspections during work
– Use checklists to verify compliance
– Photographic documentation of non-compliance
– Issue non-conformance reports (NCR) when needed
– Hold progress meetings to address issues
– Build good relationships for better cooperation
– Escalate persistent issues to management
9. Explain what CONQUAS is and how it affects quality.
Answer:
CONQUAS (Construction Quality Assessment System) is BCA’s scoring system measuring workmanship quality in three areas:
– Structural Works: 50% (accuracy, finishes)
– Architectural Works: 35% (tiling, plastering, painting)
– M&E Works: 15% (installation quality)
Impact:
– Higher scores enhance company reputation
– Affects BCA grading and future tender eligibility
– Requires strict adherence to tolerances
– Demands proper supervision and QC
– Typical target: 80+ points
10. What types of tests are required for concrete?
Answer:
– Slump Test: Measures workability/consistency (typically 75-125mm)
– Cube Test: 3, 7, 28-day compression strength testing
– Temperature Test: Ensures concrete within limits (typically <32°C)
– Density Test: Verification of concrete density
– Chloride Content: For durability compliance
– Ultrasonic Testing: For integrity assessment (when required)
– All tests documented with proper labels and test certificates
11. Describe your experience with M&E coordination.
Answer:
– Reviewed clash detection between structure and M&E services
– Coordinated openings, sleeves, and blockouts before concrete pour
– Ensured proper builder’s work items installed
– Attended M&E coordination meetings
– Verified adequate ceiling height after services installation
– Coordinated with M&E contractors for testing schedules
– Ensured access provisions for maintenance
12. Explain the typical T&C (Testing & Commissioning) workflow for MEP systems.
Answer:
- Pre-commissioning: Visual inspections, cleaning, flushing
- Individual Testing: Component-level testing (pumps, fans, panels)
- Integrated Testing: System-level operation
- Performance Testing: Verify design parameters
- Documentation: Test certificates, manuals, O&M documents
- Training: For facility management team
- Authority Inspections: BCA/SCDF/NEA as required
- Handover: With complete documentation
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B. Practical Site-Based Questions
1. What do you do if you discover work is progressing without approved drawings?
Answer:
– Immediately stop the work
– Inform site supervisor and project manager
– Document the situation with photos
– Identify what has been completed
– Check if work aligns with latest drawings (even if not formally approved)
– Expedite drawing approval process
– Issue non-conformance report if necessary
– Obtain RTO/consultant direction on rectification or acceptance
– Resume only after proper approval
2. How do you handle a site safety violation you observe?
Answer:
– Stop work immediately if imminent danger
– Approach worker calmly and explain the violation
– Ensure safe condition before work resumes
– Report to safety officer and site supervisor
– Document incident with photos
– Issue safety advisory or warning letter
– Conduct toolbox talk on the specific issue
– Follow up to ensure corrective action
– Report to management if repeated violations
3. What actions will you take when progress is behind schedule?
Answer:
– Analyze root causes (manpower, weather, material delay)
– Meet with subcontractors to discuss recovery plan
– Propose additional resources or overtime
– Prioritize critical path activities
– Implement parallel working where possible
– Update site program with recovery measures
– Daily monitoring of progress
– Escalate to project manager with clear action plan
– Regular updates to stakeholders
4. Describe a time when you had to manage conflict between subcontractors.
Answer:
“Two subcontractors disputed workspace allocation. I:
– Listened to both parties separately
– Reviewed site logistics plan and program
– Called joint meeting to discuss solution
– Proposed staggered work schedule
– Clearly defined work zones
– Documented agreement in site minutes
– Monitored compliance
– Maintained professional relationship with both parties
– Escalated to management when agreement couldn’t be reached”
5. How do you ensure timely inspection by RTO/RE?
Answer:
– Submit inspection requests well in advance (48-72 hours)
– Ensure work is fully ready before calling
– Complete internal QC checks first
– Provide clear access and lighting
– Prepare all required documents (test certificates, material approvals)
– Maintain good communication with RTO office
– Follow up with reminder calls/emails
– Schedule around RTO’s availability
– Have alternative dates ready
6. What is your daily routine when you report to site?
Answer:
– Attend morning briefing/safety talk
– Review day’s work plan and priorities
– Check weather conditions
– Walk site to assess overnight progress
– Coordinate with subcontractors on daily activities
– Monitor critical activities in progress
– Conduct inspections and quality checks
– Update site diary and progress records
– Process incoming materials and approvals
– Prepare for upcoming inspections
– Attend coordination meetings
– Update daily reports before leaving
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- Documentation & QC Questions
1. What site documents do you prepare daily as a Technical Officer?
Answer:
– Site diary (weather, manpower, activities, visitors)
– Daily progress reports
– Material delivery records
– Inspection request forms
– Non-conformance reports (NCR)
– Safety observation reports
– Progress photos
– RFI logs (updates)
– Manpower attendance
– Equipment deployment records
– Meeting minutes
– QC checklists
2. Explain the steps in preparing an inspection checklist.
Answer:
- Review relevant specifications and drawings
- Identify critical checkpoints
- List acceptance criteria (tolerances, standards)
- Organize logically (sequence of work)
- Include measurement requirements
- Add photo/documentation requirements
- Provide spaces for remarks
- Include sign-off section
- Reference applicable codes (CP65, BS, etc.)
- Review and approve before use
- Update based on feedback
3. How do you maintain material delivery records and material approval?
Answer:
Delivery Records:
– Log all deliveries with DO number, date, quantity
– Verify against purchase order
– Check material condition on arrival
– Take photos of delivered materials
– Store in organized filing system
– Track against material schedule
Material Approval:
– Submit samples/catalogues to consultant
– Maintain approval register with status
– Follow up pending approvals
– Ensure only approved materials used
– Keep approved samples on site for reference
– Update as-built records with approved materials
4. What software/Excel trackers have you used to follow up site progress?
Answer:
– Microsoft Excel: Progress tracking, material registers, inspection logs, RFI trackers
– Microsoft Project: Program monitoring
– AutoCAD: Drawing review and markups
– Bluebeam/Adobe: PDF annotation and drawing management
– Procore/Aconex: Document management systems
– WhatsApp/Teams: Daily coordination
– Custom dashboards for management reporting
– Photo management software
5. Explain the importance of daily site reports.
Answer:
- Legal Record: Evidence of site conditions and activities
- Progress Tracking: Document actual vs. planned progress
- Issue Documentation: Record problems and delays
- Resource Management: Track manpower and equipment
- Weather Recording: Document weather-related delays
- Communication Tool: Keep stakeholders informed
- Claims Support: Evidence for EOT or variation claims
- Quality Record: Document inspections and tests
- Compliance: Meet contractual reporting requirements
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D. Behavioural / Attitude Questions
1. How do you handle pressure when multiple subcontractors need supervision?
Answer:
- Prioritize based on critical path and inspection deadlines
- Communicate clearly with all parties about schedule
- Delegate routine checks to assistant or foreman when possible
- Stay organized with checklists and schedules
- Remain calm and professional under pressure
- Address urgent safety issues first
- Schedule overlap time with subcontractors
- Request support from team when overwhelmed
- Learn to manage time effectively through experience
2. What motivates you to work in construction?
Answer:
“I’m motivated by:
- Seeing tangible results of my work (physical structures)
- Daily variety and challenges
- Team collaboration and problem-solving
- Continuous learning (technical knowledge, standards)
- Being part of nation-building projects
- Dynamic site environment
- Career progression opportunities in the industry
- Satisfaction of delivering quality projects safely”
3. Describe a situation where you corrected a mistake on site.
Answer:
“During rebar inspection, I noticed incorrect bar spacing in a beam. I:
- Immediately stopped concreting preparation
- Verified against drawings and bar schedule
- Documented with photos
- Informed subcontractor and site supervisor
- Supervised correction before proceeding
- Conducted re-inspection
- Updated inspection records
- Reinforced specification requirements with team
- Learned to catch such issues earlier in the process”
4. Why do you think communication is important in site work?
Answer:
- Prevents misunderstandings and rework
- Ensures everyone understands requirements
- Coordinates multiple trades effectively
- Resolves issues quickly
- Maintains safety awareness
- Builds trust and teamwork
- Keeps project on schedule
- Facilitates problem-solving
- Creates proper documentation trail
- Bridges language barriers (important in Singapore’s multi-cultural sites)
5. If selected, how soon can you start and what support do you need?
Answer:
“I can start with [notice period—typically 2 weeks to 1 month]. To be effective, I would need:
- Proper project briefing and document handover
- Introduction to project team and consultants
- Access to project documentation system
- Clear reporting structure and authority levels
- Understanding of company QA/QC procedures
- Site safety orientation
- PPE and necessary tools
- Mentorship during initial period (if junior)
I’m committed to learning quickly and contributing to project success.”
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Additional Questions & Answers (10 More)
E. Advanced Technical Questions
1. How do you calculate concrete volume for a pour and coordinate with RMC supplier?
Answer:
- Measure dimensions from drawings (length × width × height)
- Add 5-10% wastage factor
- Coordinate timing with site readiness
- Confirm concrete grade, slump, and additives
- Arrange delivery schedule to avoid cold joints
- Prepare access route for concrete trucks
- Ensure adequate labor for placement
- Have backup supplier contact for emergencies
2. What are the key differences between Grade 30 and Grade 40 concrete?
Answer:
- Grade 30: 30 N/mm² characteristic strength at 28 days; used for general construction, slabs, minor structural elements
- Grade 40: 40 N/mm² characteristic strength; used for main structural elements like columns, beams requiring higher strength
- Grade 40 has higher cement content and stricter mix proportions
- Cube testing requirements are more stringent for Grade 40
- Curing requirements may differ
3. Explain the purpose of construction joints and how they differ from expansion joints.
Answer:
Construction Joints:
- Planned stopping points in concrete placement
- No movement expected
- Use shear keys or surface preparation for bonding
- Located at low-stress areas
Expansion Joints:
- Allow for thermal movement and settlement
- Filled with compressible material
- Continuous through entire structure
- Prevent cracking from expansion/contraction
4. What is the purpose of the 7-day concrete cube test?
Answer:
- Early strength verification (typically achieves 65-70% of 28-day strength)
- Early warning of potential strength issues
- Allows corrective action before critical pours
- Required for early formwork removal decisions
- Supports early loading if strength adequate
- Complements 28-day strength assessment
5. How do you prevent honeycombing in concrete?
Answer:
- Ensure proper concrete mix design (adequate workability)
- Use appropriate slump (not too dry)
- Proper compaction using poker vibrators
- Adequate cover to reinforcement (easier flow)
- Proper formwork joints (prevent leakage)
- Controlled pour height (max 1.5-2m drops)
- Avoid over-vibration (segregation)
- Use tremie pipes for deep pours
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F. Quality Control & Standards
6. What is CP65 and why is it important?
Answer:
CP65 (Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete) is Singapore’s standard for:
- Concrete design requirements
- Material specifications
- Construction tolerances
- Workmanship standards
- Testing requirements
- Safety factors
Importance:
- Legal compliance requirement
- Ensures structural safety
- Provides uniform standards
- Used by BCA for approval
- Reference for dispute resolution
7. Explain the difference between QA and QC in construction.
Answer:
Quality Assurance (QA):
- Process-oriented
- Prevents defects
- Systematic procedures
- Plans and standards
- Example: Method statements, training
Quality Control (QC):
- Product-oriented
- Detects defects
- Inspection and testing
- Verification activities
- Example: Concrete cube testing, dimensional checks
Both work together to ensure project quality.
8. What are common architectural finishes you need to check for CONQUAS scoring?
Answer:
- Tiling: Alignment, level, joint width, hollow tiles
- Plastering: Surface evenness, verticality, cracks
- Painting: Coverage, color uniformity, defects
- Windows/Doors: Operation, sealing, installation tolerance
- Floor finishes: Level, cracks, surface finish
- External walls: Alignment, water tightness, finish quality
Tolerances typically: ±3mm for tiling, ±5mm for plastering verticality
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G. Safety & Regulatory
9. What are your responsibilities under the Workplace Safety and Health Act?
Answer:
As a Technical Officer, I must:
- Take reasonable care for my own safety and others
- Cooperate with safety measures
- Not engage in unsafe behavior
- Report unsafe conditions immediately
- Attend safety training and briefings
- Use provided PPE correctly
- Follow safe work procedures
- Stop work if imminent danger observed
- Support safety culture on site
- Report incidents/near-misses
10. What are stop-work items you would immediately address on site?
Answer:
- Working at height without proper edge protection
- Excavation without shoring/barriers
- Lifting operations without proper rigging
- Work without approved method statement/RA
- Electrical work by unqualified personnel
- Missing PPE for critical tasks
- Damaged scaffolding or equipment
- Work during lightning warning
- Crane operations in unsafe wind conditions
- Any imminent danger to workers or public
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Evaluation Criteria Summary
Technical Competency:
- Can read and interpret drawings accurately
- Understands construction sequence and methods
- Knowledge of materials and testing requirements
- Familiar with codes and standards (CP65, BCA regulations)
Quality Mindset:
- Strong attention to detail
- Proactive in identifying issues
- Systematic approach to QC
- Understands CONQUAS requirements
Communication Skills:
- Clear and professional communication
- Able to coordinate multiple parties
- Good documentation practices
- Confident in dealing with consultants/authorities
Work Attitude:
- Able to work under pressure
- Problem-solving capability
- Team player with leadership potential
- Safety-conscious mindset
- Reliable and disciplined
Experience & Knowledge:
- Understanding of BCA processes
- Practical site experience
- Familiarity with site documentation
- Knows inspection procedures
